Negative Effects Of Technology On Communication - 1378 Words

Recent technological advancements have led to the usage of cellular devices and social media sites, which are among the most common activity of today’s society. Many of the social media sites such as Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, and Facebook offer a portal of entertainment and communication which has grown exponentially in recent years. Although this may be a source of leisure for people, the usage of these devices and programs have provided an escape from reality and have made people’s lives less social. These distractions have prevented people from being able to live in the present moment, having a strong use of time management and being able to have meaningful connections with their peers. In order to limit the use of cellular devices,†¦show more content†¦As human-beings, the fear of rejection and possessing flaws is inevitable. The internet provides an escape from reality, where the ability to express ourselves and to connect with other people is as easy as one click, but where does this action take us? This fear will often reverse and people will worry about becoming too immersed in the online world rather than being present in the real world. The concerns regarding the overuse of technology are what has inspired Los Angeles restaurants to ban the use of mobile devices to ensure that customers can both enjoy their meal as well as living in the present moment with their company (Forbes). By being present, not only are stronger relationships made, but having the ability to focus on the matter at hand is what will ultimately lead to success. Students are experiencing the downfalls of becoming distracted academically and socially because of the lack of time management skills that are influenced by cell phone use. As years have gone by, teenagers and young adults are becoming less social since a significant amount of their time is devoted to their devices. Having a cellular device out while completing work is distracting. In fact, it a dds approximately one to two more hours of time spent on homework (Boase). The task at hand will be successfully completed if there were to be no distractions. Not only does the cell phone usage affect time management, but it contributes to the student’s lack ofShow MoreRelatedPositive and Negative Effects of Technology on Communication Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology today has a myriad of gadgets and tools to facilitate communication and this has transformed the way people communicate with each other. From the invention of the telegraph to the internet, technology has allowed people connect with family, friends, and colleagues at any location. Moreover, people can express their opinions to larger groups of people instantly that would not have been possible without the advent of technology. However, electronically mediated communication is a doubleRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society1644 Words   |  7 Pagesmediated communication,† he says. †Å"We’d rather e-mail than meet; we’d rather text than talk on the phone†. Other people such as Qualman (2011), believes that using social media to communicate does not have to be such a bad thing. He says that if used properly it can be a very effect tool in the business world. Because social media touches pretty much everyone in some way it is a good strategy for overall success or an organization. There are both positive and negative communication effects on socialRead MoreHow Technology Has Its Impacts On Family Life1585 Words   |  7 Pages Innovation is changing its shape as indicated by advanced man needs. It has a more noteworthy effect amid the season of function and additionally amid the recreation times. Human life has been created a considerable measure of the comfort which innovation has given. At the point when individuals are searching for better future utilizing innovation, internet and media shown to have several effects on human life on the o ther side. It has its impact in great and terrible routes on the brains of individualsRead MoreBenefits Of Being Top Notch Communication Channels916 Words   |  4 PagesIt is apparent that technology has exceeded humanity; face –to-face is worryingly diminishing because of the emergence of social-media technologies. Over 90% of the people in the modern world use social media such as Twitter, Facebook and Tumblr amongst others as communication platforms. These technologies play a significant role in the lives of people to the extent that some do not consider living without them. Social media technologies have become known forms of social interaction across the globeRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Society s Social Life1409 Words   |  6 Pagesoccasions this so-called technology. Although it is true that the use of this technology on many occasions it helps many people to be in contact with those who are far away. Social platforms like Facebook and tweeter among others brin g advantages for people, but at the same time have a negative effect on their behavior. The way they respond to interpersonal relationships and the outcomes that may come from them. For instance, the research about the effects that technology has on social lives, theRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pagesboth the advantages and negative aspects of technology. As depicted in the film, social media has had a growing impact on how society performs routine tasks; thus, the intimate relationships needed for one to truly connect with others have become a rare gem. Social media can be defined as the exchange of ideas between groups or individuals in virtual communities. All throughout history, society has relied on tools in the forms of technological artifacts and other technologies. This continued relianceRead MoreUnbridled Technology1083 Words   |  5 PagesUnbridled technology There is no doubt that technology has advanced tremendously in the last half-century. Technology has provided extraordinary improvements to our world; being an endless source of entertainment and nonstop communication anywhere at any time. But are these technological advancements a good thing? The youth of today are constantly immersed in these technological advancements whether through cell phones, gaming systems, or laptops. As technology continues to advance it is negativelyRead MoreTechnology s Negative Effect On Society932 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology’s Negative Effect on Society Mankind has had a yearning for knowledge since the dawn of time, causing giant technological leaps. At the dawn of the new millennium technology thrived, and since then, technology has taken our world in a completely different direction than anyone could have imagined. Just like everything else, people have their own opinions and they either like, or dislike what technology has brought into our lives. If we look at the idea of technology from both sides, itRead MoreThe Effects Of Cellphones On Our Daily Lives Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pagestechnological advances and continual rise in interest, large amounts of research have been done on the overall impact that technology has had. We have previously stated that the goal of our study is to determine the overall effects that cellphones play on face-to-face interactions with one another on a daily basis. It is important to grasp the research being done on technology as a whole. There are currently mass amounts of research on the impa ct that cellphones have, but it seems that there isRead MoreThe Effects Of Texting On The Social Communication1197 Words   |  5 Pages Today, technology is transforming and evolving rapidly; at times it feels as if a new smartphone is being released every day. With these new technologies, we see both positive and negative effects influencing people of all ages. One of the major concerns about cell phone use is the impact texting has on the social communication of the world’s youths. In a quest to uncover the effects of texting, I will discuss to what degree texting is detrimental to the social communication between people in

Much Ado About Nothing And Orator On The Life Of A Slave,...

A social hierarchy has existed that mandates a person’s resources in order to become more literate and knowledgeable. The opportunity for education to become literate has greatly varied for the different social classes. Class designation may or may not have tremendous influence on education, Class designation is believed to have tremendous influence on education, yet countless exceptions have been †¦ as made apparent in literary works like William Shakespeare’s play, Much Ado About Nothing and orator on the life of a slave, Frederick Douglass’ Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Shakespeare’s depiction of characters like Margaret, a sharp tongued servant, and Dogberry, a bumbling sheriff, as well as Frederick Douglass, in his own†¦show more content†¦Although Margaret is merely a servant and does not have the opportunity to receive a formal education, she makes full use of her learning materials like emulating the syntax used by th e people she is constantly wary of because they are of higher social standings. Similarly, Frederick Douglass, a former slave of â€Å"Master Hugh’s family,† highlights that â€Å"education and slavery [are] incompatible† and that there â€Å"lay the danger† in expanding his educational resources, (Douglass, pg 755). He is â€Å"narrowly watched† and succumbed to violence, however he cannot act out against his oppressors because they are his masters and he has no rights or freedoms to claim as his own. Despite being a slave, and being a part of the lowest class, Douglass’ comprehensive use of his resources lends itself to â€Å"adopt[ing]† clever plans to go beyond the limitations forced on him, (pg 756). Each time Douglass is seen in a â€Å"separate room,† his masters â€Å"[suspect]† that he is reading a â€Å"book† and he is beaten as though he is a â€Å"brute† that needs to be harshly reprimanded for his actions, (pg 755). He replicates the â€Å"stratagems† that his mistress initially relies on to â€Å"instruct† him; the â€Å"inch† of education that

Guns Germs and Steel Free Essays

1. Yali’s question; â€Å"Why is it that you white people developed so much cargo and brought it to New Guinea but we black people had little cargo of our own? † 2. Diamond rewords the question as â€Å"History followed different courses for different peoples because of differences among people environment not because of biological differences among peoples themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Guns Germs and Steel or any similar topic only for you Order Now † 3. Jared Diamond analyzes several factors that he believes contributed to the existing balance of the world’s resources. In order to answer Yali’s question, he speculates about the role of geography, technology, cultural diffusion, agriculture, culture and biology. . The Maori evolved differently because of population and leadership differences. The Maori conquered the Moriori due to its advanced weapons and technology and the Moriori lost due to its lack of leadership and simple weapons. 5. Population density affected economies because the more people there are the more things you need such as food. It also affected social complexity because it easier to control smaller populations. With more people you need more control over things for decisions which goes with political organization 6. Atahualpa was the last ruler of the Inca Empire of pre-Columbian South America to exercise power independent of Spanish control. Francisco Pizarro and a small group of Spanish soldiers captured Atahualpa. In a vain attempt to save Atahualpa, his subjects assembled one of the largest ransoms in history, an estimated $30 million worth of gold and silver. 7. Pizzarro completely surprised and overwhelmed Atahualpa’s empire; Pizzarro had guns germs and steel where the Incas didn’t. Pizzarro also had horses that terrified the Incas having never seen it. Pizzarro also had a written language and the Incas did not. 8. Availability of more consumable calories means more people equals strength of numbers. Domestic animals fed people by furnishing meat, milk, and fertilizer and by animal labor. Animals and crops also provide warmth and tools. 9. These areas are Southwest Asia’s Fertile Crescent, China, Mesoamerica, the Andes and possibly the Amazon Basin, and eastern United States. 10. These areas are Sahel, tropical West Africa, Ethiopia, and New Guinea. 11. These areas were western and central Europe, Indus valley, and Egypt. 12. The only hunter-gatherers to continue to exist were those who were separated geographically or lived in areas not fit for food producing. One theory of why people first started producing food was just as a back-up plan. Another theory is that there are different factors in different parts of the world that caused the decision to move to farming. 13. A plant is to be domesticated when its native characteristics are altered such that it cannot grow and reproduce without human intervention. 14. Because Different factors in different parts of the world caused the decision to move to farming. 5. Some plants need to be pollinated by another plant, but some mutant plants are self-pollinating. These self pollinating plants would also be picked and eventually wipe out the non self-pollinating plants. 16. Eurasia 17. Three advantages were the climate of the Fertile Crescent was wet in the winters and dry in the summers, ancestor crops were already very productive and fruitful, and many of the crops that inhabited the Fertile Crescent were self-pollinating. 18. For one the continent contained the largest amount of wild mammals. Another reason is that Eurasia has had the least extinction in the last 40,000 years. In other parts of the world large mammals were not as readily available for domestication. 19. Diamond gives six reasons why: diet, growth rate, and problems of captive breeding, nasty disposition, tendency to panic, and social structure. 20. The Americas and Africa both have a north-south axis while Eurasia has a west-east axis. It is because west-east regions share the same length of day, same types of seasons, same diseases, and same aspects of climate such as rainfall and habitat. Trade spread farther west east than it did north south. 21. Plants moved from north to south or vice-versa were not built to endure the different climates, times of day, and etc. Domestic animals could not fight off the new types of disease and climate as well. 22. Genetically some people have developed immunity to certain diseases or illnesses through generations of repeated exposure. The small populations can’t fight outside epidemics, and can’t evolve their own because they are nearly wiped out every time, therefore the epidemic disappears. 3. Blueprinting copying- when you copy or modify an available detailed blueprint. Idea Diffusion-when you receive little more than the basic idea and have to try to do it yourself. 24. If kings limited writing they can better control the masses and there is a smaller chance of and uprising. 25. â€Å"Invention is often the mother of necessity† which means that many inventors created things out of curiosity rather than becau se of need. In other words, they made a product before there was a demand for it 26. The factors are economic advantage of new technology, social value and prestige, vested interest, and ease of observing advantages. 27. Factors are peaceful trade, espionage, emigration, and war. 28. Behavior became lethal in the presence of peasant soldiers ungracefully blasting away with guns. Eventually reduced government orders for guns until japan was almost without functional guns. 29. Sedentary living was decisive for the history of technology, because it enabled people to accumulate non-portable possessions. 30. Bands are the smallest societies lack many types of institutions that other societies have. They are so small because the region they live in lacks the resources for larger societies. Next is the tribe, being a little larger. Tribes are large enough where they can have separate clans. Next is Chiefdoms, which contain different lineages, and have many jobs that were often filled by captured slaves. Chiefdoms had a redistributive economy in which the chief received all the goods and then spread it back out among all the people. States have many more slaves and are supported by a political and territorial basis, not one of kinship and heredity. 1. There are four reasons why large societies must have complex centralized government. Secondly is the â€Å"growing possibility of communal decision making with increasing population size. † Thirdly involves economic reasons of differentiating talents and transfer of goods. The final consideration is that larger societies have denser populations 32. One reason is because of early extinction of large wild fauna in the Americas, while in Eurasia there were a variety of wild animals for domestication. Agriculture is another reason. Eurasia also had much more variety of domestic able plants. Those parts of the Americas that did have agriculture were lacking in protein. It was also much less successful because they did not have the labor animals that Eurasia did. Germs, metal, military technology, and power to operate machinery were all more reasons that Eurasia had such an advantage over the Native Americans. 33. Those parts of the Americas that did have agriculture were lacking in protein. 34. These were blacks, whites, African Pygmies, Khoisan, and Asians. 35. Iron tools and agriculture How to cite Guns Germs and Steel, Papers

Managing Innovation Annual Report of Certain Companies

Question: Discuss about theManaging Innovationfor Annual Report of Certain Companies. Answer: Literature Review Introduction Literature review mainly discusses the secondary data that would be useful to carry out a research work. The literature review mainly consists of the previous works of the authors who have carried out research on similar topic, annual report of certain companies, interview by certain people, blogs and other materials. The literature review mainly helps the readers to understand the factors that have been already dealt in the similar field and what are the areas that have been not being explored and could be explored in the future research work. The following literature review will mainly talk about the innovation in the business or society and the way innovations will help in sustainability and growth. An innovation in both business and society helps the individual to become advance and compete at the global level. Innovations make the individuals updated about the latest happenings in the society. The individual will be able to grow and develop only when they will be aware of the society and the changes that are taking place in the society. The literature will talk about the theory of innovations, the fundamentals of sustainability and then will bring about the relation between the innovation, sustainability and growth. Innovations can be in the field of science and technology, environment or in any organization irrespective of the field where the organization is functioning. The main idea of innovation is mainly to take the people forward who are living in a society. Types of Innovations Innovations in an organization can take place in various ways. Innovations can be done in the field of technology that is being uses in an organization, in the business models or in the operations in the organization. Three types of innovations can help in sustainable growth of an organization. The types of innovations are : Incremental innovations When small changes are being made in the technologies that are being used in the organization or in the business model then it is called incremental innovations (De Marchi 2012). Breakthrough innovations When a significant amount of change is done in the field of technologies of the organization or in the business models, then it is called breakthrough innovations (Davila, Epstein and Shelton 2012). As the name suggests, the innovations helps in making huge amount of changes in the models and technologies and the changes will bring significant amount of development in the organization. Radical innovations At times, rarely an innovation takes place in an organization but when the changes happen, it gives rise to a new industry or expansion of the organization as a whole. Radical innovations happen when there is huge change needed in the organization or the organization is trying to expand its business in an international location (Damanpour and Aravind 2012). Radical innovations take place after range of planning been done in the organizations. Theory of Innovation Druckers seven sources of innovation help individuals to know the meaning of innovation in a better manner (Drucker 2014). Once the senior management of an organization will follow the theory it will help them to understand the exact meaning. It will help the senior management to able to go about the innovation well. The seven sources are: The unexpected Market is full of positive and negative factors. An organization come across various opportunities as well as threats in the market. Hence, the organization should keep in mind that they would face the unexpected from the market. The innovations should be made after the going through the current trends in the market. The Incongruity A difference is there between the situations that the organization thought should be there and the situation that is actually present in the society. A thorough market research is necessary before starting the process of innovation Process Need Process need refers to the operation of identifying the weakness in the organization and implement ways that will help them to function well in the market. Before thinking about any innovation, organization should first look into the available resources in the organization. If any of the resources is found missing in the organization, then the company should take necessary steps to rectify those mistakes, fill the gaps and then bring about the change. Industry and Market Structure Change The industry is always changing. At times, the industry times the industry is expanding and at times it is shrinking. The organization that is thinking about the innovation should first think about the changes in the industry then bring about the innovation in the industry. Demographics Variations will be there among the consumers, which are living in a particular location. The income levels, age as well as the education various among the people who are living in the society. The background of the consumers should be kept into mind before bringing any such innovation in the organization or in the society. Changes in Perception, Meaning, and Mood Immigrations and migrations of the people in a country happen in a regular basis. The people resign in a country or at particular location also changes. Thus, before implementation of the innovation, the organization or the government should keep a check on the population of the place and then implement the innovations. New Knowledge Changes might bring opportunities as well as threats. The organization should keep a check on the opportunities that will be brought by the changes in the market and then implement the innovation. Fundamental of Sustainable Growth The purpose of the growth should be strong enough for the growth (Dincer and Rosen 2012). The people who are going with the change should have proper focus that is constant as well as consistency. The senior manager and the employees should work with close contact with the customers and depending on that, they should continuously innovate within the organization. Innovations in the Field of Science and Sustainable Growth Innovation and sustainable growth can be seen in an evident manner in the field of science and technology. According to the task team that studied about the development agenda, science is the best method that will be able to explain the relationship between innovations and sustainable growth. The best way of promoting sustainable development of a society cannot be completed without the help of science, technology and innovations (STI) (UN System Task Team 2015). Once the individual will have a steady access to innovation and technology, it will help them to improve the quality of their living conditions. The innovations in the technological field that will help improving the lifestyle that can further help in resolving issues for a huge population as well as help in enhancing the productivity among the people that will rise the income level of the individuals (Boons et al. 2013). The there are two types STI issues that need to be handled in a cumulative manner in the work of technology. The growth that has driven by innovation can no longer be associated with developed or high-income countries (Cohen, Brown and Vergragt 2013). Some of the developing countries in the world have been able to develop themselves as far as the technology and innovation is concerned. The second issues that has been identified as far as the STI is concerned, is that it would be better to consider STI in an integrative manner rather than considering it as an independent agenda (Sarkar 2013). Once the STI will be integrated with public goals by giving special attentions to culture, development and educations. The integration will help in sustainable growth of a community and help in effective growth of the society as a whole. Thus, it can be seen that innovation in the field of science not only helps in growth of science but also in turn helps in the growth of the entire society. Bio-economy Strategy as Innovation and the Contribution for Sustainable Growth The bio-economy strategy adopted by Europe is of the most important examples of how innovations can be used for sustainable growth in the society (European Commission 2012). Due to the increase in the number of population in the world, the environment has been hugely affected. The growth of population has resulted in excessive use of resources which in turn in mainly resulting in the depletion of the environment (Mazzucato and Perez 2014). Thus, a huge need innovation will help the society to combat the problems of population growth and depletion of resources. If advancement is being made on the use and renewal of biological resources and give rise to innovative way of bio-economy strategy; it will help the Europe to give rise to a sustainable environment. If bio-economy is being implemented in the economy then it will help in sustainable growth of the country in various ways (Kastalli and Van Looy 2013). Some of the ways of sustainable growth in the industry are: Enhance economic growth and maintain the growth Create jobs in the rural, commercial and industrial areas Reduce the dependency on the fossil fuels Improve the environmental and economic sustainability It has been seen that there will be an increase in population among the people who are living in the society. By 2050, there will be increase in demand of food by 70%. Thus, the bio-economy strategy aims at changing the food habit and the way of living of the people in the society. Currently, it has been that the amount of that are being wasted annually account to be 90 million tonnes. The innovation with the help of bio-economy strategy aims to decrease the amount of food wastage in the society. Hence, it can be seen that innovation cannot be always associated with the expenditure but also can be a way to reduce expenditure of an economy as a whole. In a country like Europe where the dependency on junk food is quite high, bio-economy strategy will help in changing the food habit for the better (Lyasnikov et al. 2014). Contribution of the OECD and Non-OECD Countries Towards Sustainable Growth through Innovation The countries from all over the world has hugely contributed for innovation. They have invested huge a lot of money for innovation purpose with the help of research, development ns other support measures. In the year 2012, OECD government invested a monetary amount is almost equal 0.8% of the GDP of the country (PWC 2012). Finland and Korea invested 1 percent of their GDP. Twenty-seven countries out of the 34 countries under the OECD government as well as many non-OECD countries have invested for the research and development with the help of tax incentives. During the period of 2008 until 2012, the rate of employment fell in the OECD as well non-OECD countries. The fall mainly of the recession, that had hit the world economy (Aiginger, 2014). However, it has been seen that the new firms were able to reduce the rate of unemployment in the countries. The new firms have come up new ideas and innovations. The new firms have been able attract the individuals and help in the development of the society as a whole(Lorek and Fuchs 2013). The simple relation between innovation and growth is based on the fact the innovation leads to development of new products and the development of products will help in growth of the organization (Bocken et al. 2014). It has been found that the economies that are constantly innovating new technologies and products are growing fast and are more dynamic in nature. As they are innovating new thing constantly they have full knowledge about the changes in the economy and the society, during the time of difficulty, they are able to solve the problems in better and in a prompt manner (Baranenko 2014). Innovations also help the economies to lower their dependency in fossil fuel and give rise to better idea that will help them to find out ways that will help in reducing the use of fossil fuel in the society (Zheng and Kammen 2014). An economy that is constantly innovating will be able to grow in respect to sales and employment than an economy that is not innovating and is operating on traditio nal norms. Summary After going through various aspects of sustainable growth and innovation, it can be summarised that the only way to sustainability and growth is innovation. Traditional ways can help the society or the organization to grow. However, innovation will help them to see beyond the traditional ways and stay ahead in the race of competition with other nations. Innovations not only mean giving rise to new products or idea, innovation may also include the adding something in the traditional idea and giving rise to new idea. The input in the traditional matter can be modern which will help in giving rise to new idea. Many people have this misconception that innovations means huge amount of expenditure and only developed countries, which are capable of such expenditures will be able to give rise to innovations. However, such kinds of misconceptions are only given rise by those people who are not interested in innovations. Innovations need ideas and enthusiasm that will help in growth of an organization. Only the presence of technology will not help the people to give rise to innovation but ideas are also important for innovation. Innovations can be in the field of technology as well as the field of environmental impacts. Thus, not only monetary help but also proper ideas are needed to give rise to innovation. The process of innovation requires a lot of knowledge, awareness and education. Thus, if any of the organization is giving rise to innovation, then they will have more awareness than the people who are not interested in innovation. Hence, a group of people or country will always have a solution of the problems and will be able to solve a problem in a better manner if they are thinking of innovation. As a result, they will be able to grow and sustain and sustain their growth. References Aiginger, K., 2014. Industrial Policy for a sustainable growth path.Policy paper,4, p.7. Baranenko, S.P., Dudin, M.N., Lyasnikov, N.V. and Busygin, K.D., 2014. Use of environmental approach to innovation-oriented development of industrial enterprises.American journal of applied sciences,11(2), pp.189-194. Bocken, N.M.P., Short, S.W., Rana, P. and Evans, S., 2014. A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes.Journal of cleaner production,65, pp.42-56. Boons, F., Montalvo, C., Quist, J. and Wagner, M., 2013. Sustainable innovation, business models and economic performance: an overview.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, pp.1-8. Cohen, M.J., Brown, H.S. and Vergragt, P. eds., 2013.Innovations in sustainable consumption: New economics, socio-technical transitions and social practices. Edward Elgar Publishing. Damanpour, F. and Aravind, D., 2012. Managerial innovation: Conceptions, processes, and antecedents.Management and Organization Review,8(2), pp.423-454. Davila, T., Epstein, M. and Shelton, R., 2012.Making innovation work: How to manage it, measure it, and profit from it. FT press. De Marchi, V., 2012. Environmental innovation and RD cooperation: Empirical evidence from Spanish manufacturing firms.Research Policy,41(3), pp.614-623. Dincer, I. and Rosen, M.A., 2012.Exergy: energy, environment and sustainable development. Newnes. Drucker, P., 2014.Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. European Commission, 2012.Innovating for A Sustainable Growth Bioeconomy for Europe. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://bioeconomia.agripa.org/download-doc/64047 [Accessed 16 Oct. 2016]. Kastalli, I.V. and Van Looy, B., 2013. Servitization: Disentangling the impact of service business model innovation on manufacturing firm performance.Journal of Operations Management,31(4), pp.169-180. Lorek, S. and Fuchs, D., 2013. Strong sustainable consumption governanceprecondition for a degrowth path?.Journal of cleaner production,38, pp.36-43. Lorek, S. and Spangenberg, J.H., 2014. Sustainable consumption within a sustainable economybeyond green growth and green economies.Journal of cleaner production,63, pp.33-44. Lyasnikov, N.V., Dudin, M.N., Sekerin, V.D., Veselovsky, M.Y. and Aleksakhina, V.G., 2014. The national innovation system: the conditions of its making and factors in its development.Life Science Journal,11(6), pp.535-538. Mazzucato, M. and Perez, C., 2014. Innovation as growth policy: the challenge for Europe. PWC, 2012.How to drive innovation and business growth Leveraging emerging technology for sustainable growth. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.pwc.com/us/en/supply-chain-management/assets/pwc-oracle-innovation-white-paper.pdf [Accessed 16 Oct. 2016]. Sarkar, A.N., 2013. Promoting eco-innovations to leverage sustainable development of eco-industry and green growth.European Journal of Sustainable Development,2(1), p.171. UN System Task Team, 2015.Science, technology and innovation for sustainable development in the global partnership for development beyond 2015. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/untaskteam_undf/thinkpieces/28_thinkpiece_science.pdf [Accessed 16 Oct. 2016]. Zheng, C. and Kammen, D.M., 2014. An innovation-focused roadmap for a sustainable global photovoltaic industry.Energy Policy,67, pp.159-169.

The Misery by Anton Chekhov Essay Example

The Misery by Anton Chekhov Paper Name: Tutor: Course: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on The Misery by Anton Chekhov specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Misery by Anton Chekhov specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Misery by Anton Chekhov specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Misery by Anton Chekhov 1. Misery is a short story written by Anton Chekhov. Constance Garnett translated it from Russian to English. Chekhov began writing with the purpose of raising funds for his medical education at Moscow University and upkeep for his family. In 1884, the author graduated from the University and began his medical practice. In 1886, he published his acclaimed work, Misery. The story in question revolves around Iona Potapov, an old sledge driver. It is set a week after Potapov’s son dies in a hospital, during 19th Century Russia. Other characters in the story are a military officer, three young men, a house porter and a sleepy cabman. Potapov’s horse also plays a role in the story’s proceedings. The characters mentioned, have a significant role in bringing forward Chekhov’s ideals. Anton Chekhov proposes that human beings have no concern for each other’s hardships. Various instances in the short story show this. The story begins with Iona seeking for a customer in the snowy town. Eventually, a military officer boards his sledge. Chekhov portrays the officer as an impatient and rude character. During the ride, he is as a cautious person just as well. When Iona attempts to inform him of his grief, the officer does not pay attention. They reach their destination and the old man gets new customers, three young men. The young men are obnoxious and rowdy. They pay Iona an unfair fare for the ride. When the old man attempts to inform them of his son’s death, one of the young men rubbishes Iona’s words. The young men impatiently get off the sledge at their destination. The old man decides to end his day by going to the yard. Unfortunately, he has not made enough money to feed his horse with oats. At the yard, he meets a young sledge driver. He wishes to share his grief with him, but the sleepy young man continues with his sleep. Chekhov’s story ends with Iona detailing the loss of his son to his horse as no one else seems concerned with his affairs. Chekhov is a brilliant writer. Several aspects of his writing are admirable. First, his introduction of Iona is impressive. He uses a highly descriptive style. Chekhov first describes the evening. He then describes how snow fell on that occasion, and its effect on the people and objects in the area. (Chekhov 168). Through this, the writer informs his readers that the story begins at the evening and ends at night. This instance also provides us with the season during which the story takes place. The writer also introduces the old man’s hardship through his stillness, in thought. Chekhov also provides the reader with a good description of the old man’s poor driving. He explains that the old man is restless. The writer compares the sledge’s seat to thorns. Chekhov also describes the old man’s difficulty in focusing on the road ahead. Iona, therefore, drives the sledge in a hazardous manner, nearly causing an accident. This situation provokes the military officer to speak to Iona. In turn, the old man sees this as the opportunity to justify his current state. Iona tells the officer of his son’s death. However, the officer interrupts the speech with his commands. The author uses a descriptive style to highlight the hunchback’s response to Iona’s hardship. He describes the manner which the hunchback licks his lips and coughs. This instance helps in showing the hunchback’s reluctance to share the old man’s grief. Anton Chekhov’s depiction of the characters is admirable. He develops them alongside the story’s argument. The military officer is a dismissive character. First, he assumes that Mr. Potapov is asleep by laying still. The officer asks the old man whether he is asleep or not (Chekhov 169). During the ride, Iona speaks to his passenger. At first, he assumes that the officer is ready to listen to the story of his son’s death. However, the officer closes his eyes and pretends to be deep in thought as the old man commences his story. The military officer portrays the notion that people lack genuine concern for each other’s affairs. Chekhov implies that people also take advantage of each other’s hardships in the story. He uses the three young men to portray this notion. The old man picks them up despite a terrible price for the sledge ride. (Chekhov 170). The writer explains that the old man has lost concern for the fare as his grief has occupied his mind. The three have an unsympathetic character. In response to the old man’s story, the hunchback cuts him off and tells him that they shall all die (Chekhov 172). The author portrays the sleepy cabman as a selfish person. He considers his sleep more important than listening to the old man. The writer explains that when Iona began to speak, the young man was fast asleep. Chekhov’s portrayal of grief in the story is admirable. He introduces the old man as a person stricken with grief to an extent that he is immobile. The author depicts Iona Potapov as a person who has separated himself from the society around him, and to an extent, reality. Chekhov describes the old man as white as a ghost, due to snow covering his body. Chekhov further highlights the old man’s stillness. This serves as a portrayal of his grief. When the military officer arrives, he thinks that the old man is asleep. However, he is simply sitting still in thought. The atmosphere in the story is described as dull and cold. This depiction is brought forward by Chekhov’s description of the weather. At the end of the story, the writer describes the old man’s lack of cash. As a result, he misses a meal, and his horse has to eat hay. This further contributes to the reader’s perception of the old man’s bad day. After finding no one to share his misery with, he switches to contemplation and watching his surroundings. Chekhov (174) writes, â€Å"Can he not find among these thousands someone who will listen to him? However, the crowds flit by heedless of him and his misery†¦His misery is immense, beyond all bounds. If Iona’s heart were to burst and his misery flow out, it would flood the whole world, it seems, but it is not seen. It has found a hiding-place in such an insignificant shell that one would not have found it with a candle by daylight†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Through this instance, Anton Chekhov depicts his theme of loneliness. His choice of words further enables the reader familiarity with Iona’s miserable situation. In the end, the old man decides to share his grief with his horse. After all, nobody else is interested in sharing his story. The writer informs us that Mr. Potapov’s horse listens to him as it feeds on hay. Chekhov’s story raises many questions in a readers mind. In the story, the author tackles the old man’s situation casually. A reader wonders whether misery and isolation is a daily phenomenon. From the text, the author depicts sadness as a matter of daily occurrence. Chekhov informs us that the old man’s sadness leaves for a short while, and then comes back heavier than before. The answer provided is unsatisfactory. This is proven when contemporary life is taken into consideration. Not every day happens to be a miserable day. The author has taken a disdainful stance towards the female gender. The writer implies that women are of minimal importance, and all they do is weep during serious situations. This is a derogatory pronouncement. In his efforts to create conversation with the young man, Iona should have thought of a different subject. The writer’s words may upset an audience consisting of the female gender. In the story, Chekhov implies that no person bothered to listen to Iona Potapov’s story of hardship, only an animal did. The author describes the anxiety the old man felt as he looked at the crowd. When it hits him that all the people he sees are strangers, and none is concerned with his bereavement, his pain intensifies. From that, readers wonder whether humans are so cold and ignorant of one another, focusing on themselves instead. Chekhov should have provided at least one instance of an understanding person. It is a reader’s opinion that strangers may not be compassionate to an individual’s suffering. It does not concern them, and they will try to maintain their distance. Furthermore, a reader may deduce that the writer’s sick state of health, at the time of writing, may have disoriented his thoughts on society’s positive aspects. However, Chekhov’s story is highly successful in showing that people have little concern for each other’s problems. 2. Towards the end of the story, Chekhov explains Iona’s desire to speak to someone by comparing his desire for a conversation with the aforementioned man’s thirst. When he discovers that the younger man is asleep, he thinks of what he can use as a conversation starter. However, he ends up talking to his white mare. He tells the horse, â€Å"That’s how it is, old girl. . . . Kuzma Ionitch is gone. . . . He said goodby to me. . . . He went and died for no reason. . .(Chekhov 174)† The writer explains that Iona’s horse eats as it listens to the old man. Chekhov tells us that this simple act carries away the old man. From this, a reader may deduce the ending as a relatively happy one. The writer has solved the conflict of the story. The old man yearns for someone to listen to what he had to say, throughout the story. Amazingly, the horse grants his wish, as he feeds it hay. However, Chekhov should have adopted a different end to the story. An ending with the man talking to the horse is unsatisfactory. A horse is incapable of providing compassion to the old man. Furthermore, the horse is unable to understand the old man’s problems. Furthermore, it is an assumption that the old man knew the horse was listening to him. After all, the writer describes that the old man was carried away as he spoke to the horse (Chekhov 175). As stated earlier, Chekhov wishes to show that people have lost compassion for each other, during times of suffering. Towards the end of his story, Chekhov contradicts his earlier proposition. The writer states that the old man had not earned enough to pay for his horse’s oats. He relates this situation to the misery he has experienced throughout that day. The old man further states that people who have enough to eat ate always happy with their situation (Chekhov 174). From that instance, the old man implies that his misery is attributable to lacking enough money, and in consequence, food. That statement discounts the old man’s earlier need to share his grief, on his son’s death, with strangers. An appropriate ending should reflect the writer’s earlier argument on the old man’s grief. The best ending would be right before the author says, â€Å"His misery is immense, beyond all bounds. If Iona’s heart were to burst and his misery to flow out, it would flood the whole world, it seems, but it is not seen. It has found a hiding-place in such an insignificant shell that one would not have found it with a candle by daylight. . . .(Chekhov 170).† In that scenario, the story ends with an aura of misery. Iona wished for a person to listen to him, which nobody did. This ending enables the story to maintain relevance to the stated theme. Scenarios such as the talk with his horse, and the young man, are cut down on. Such an ending also emphasizes the cruelty of people, as portrayed by the crowd. The story has a dull mood, as described by the weather and speech. The proposed ending will enhance the story’s mood. Furthermore, at the chosen point in the story, a reader experiences its climax. An ending at the suggested point will serve to enhance literary t ools such as suspense to the reader. In the story, Anton Chekhov presents an interesting argument. He implies that humans have lost concern for their counterparts in the society. Various instances justify this thought, in the story. This article supports the aforementioned notion. However, it also mentions differing ideals, to provide an argument to Chekhov’s views. The writer’s positive aspects receive acknowledgement in the essay. Just as well, the article raises various propositions, for the purposes of improving the story. In this light, the essay provides an appropriate alternative to the previous ending. Works Cited Top of Form Chekhov, Anton P, Okla Elliott, Kyle Minor, and Constance Garnett. The Other Chekhov. Fort Collins, Colo.: New American Press, 2008. Print. Top of Form Bottom of Form Bottom of Form

Evolution Labs - Coacervates Lab

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Business report - Essay Example As for printing, the companys range of activities range from printing of flyers and insert; catalogues, books, financials; its printing plant in North America, as well as key accounts such as SFC, the New York Times, G&M, Metro and others (Transcontinental, Inc 2008). Transcontinental, Inc. offers marketing products and services that range from direct marketing, website development, database analytics, and fulfillment mailing (Transcontinental, Inc 2008). II. Describe its domestic and global operations, including sales or revenue generated in each geographic area and the corresponding percentage generated in each geographic area (e.g., by country, region, economic community, etc.) In 2008, Transcontinental, Inc. has a reported revenues amounting to $2,429.3 million (Transcontinental, Inc 2008). Of this, $2051.8 million or 84.86% represents the companys operations in Canada. 75.61% of this sales, or $1,836.8 million are sales within Canada, while 8.85% represents exports. The remaining 15.54% represents sales in the United States and Mexico (Transcontinental, Inc 2008). Transcontinental, Inc. has three strategic business units—marketing services, publishing and printing. According to the companys annual report, in 2008, the companys marketing services has reaped an amount of $1,252.2 million in sales; the publishing has $647.5 million ; and $624 million for printing (Transcontinental, Inc 2008). In 2007, the companys sales from its marketing services strategic business unit amounts to $1150.1 million, with $634.7 million in printing and $633.5 million in publishing (Transcontinental, Inc 2008). Transcontinental, Inc. has posted $2,282.3 million in its revenues in 2006; where its marketing services amount to $1082.2 million, its printing has earned $714.7 million, and its publishing business unit has reaped $579.8 million. In 2006, the company has earned a net

POEMS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

POEMS - Essay Example The poem illustrates the theme of productivity among the American citizens in the totality of its stanzas. In at least each line of the poem, it (the poem) mentions and describes individuals engaged in an activity geared towards productivity. The productivity here is economic and it encompasses all Americans as illustrated in the first line of the first stanza as: â€Å"I hear America singing, the varied carols I hear† (Wallenfeldt, 2012, 26). This first line indicates that the carols in the poem are not from one source, but many sources with a common goal: productivity. The poem â€Å"I hear America Singing† has deployed a huge use of repetition to add more weight and emphasis on the theme. The clause â€Å"makes ready for work, or leaves off work,† in the 4th line brings out the repeated word â€Å"work†. The word â€Å"work† in this line informs that productivity here is achieved only through physical involvement in jobs (Wallenfeldt, 2012, 26). Moreover, the â€Å"singing† has been repeated to put emphasis on how Americans enjoy any practice of productivity they are involved in. Exploration of the reader’s emotions is the most critical part of a poem and what better way to do it by employment of imagery? In the poem â€Å"I hear America Singing† imagery has been employed to reach the needed emotional attachment between the reader and the poem. The line â€Å"The shoemaker singing as he sits on his bench, the hatter singing as he stands,† brings an image to the reader’s mind making them understand the flow and the meaning of the poem (Oliver, 2006, 97). â€Å"I hear America Singing† is a poem showcases great flow of ideas coupled with a fine language use which describes its rhythmic details. Each line in the poem conveys similar information, but only with great emphasis for instance â€Å"The delicious singing of the mother, or of the young wife at work†, each line has an ideological connection with the previous

M1A2-Program Evaluation Method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Studying Peter Hunts Motivation To Children English Literature Essay

Studying Peter Hunts Motivation To Children English Literature Essay Peter Hunt writes that some idea of a child or childhood motivates writers and determines both the form and content of what they write (2009a, p13). Prompting that an authors choice of book type and content stems from their image of the child they are writing for, elements of which come from their own ideology of society and childhood often shaped by their own lifestyles. It is arguable however if the authors idea of childhood is indeed their motivation or if there are other factors in their writing that point to an additional agenda. In considering Hunts statement we will see the changing childhood ideologies of Victorian and postmodern realism in Louisa May Alcotts, Little Women (1868), and Melvin Burgesss Junk (1996), and also the differing concept of childhood in fantasy literature with Phil Pullmans, Northern Lights (2004). It is also significant to discover what constitutes the authors notion of childhood in their books, and if there are external elements which can shape the co ntent and form of childrens books such as mass marketing and the commodifying of children. Early childrens literature was highly didactic and as Zipes (2009) suggests even the earliest renderings of fairytales were designed to turn children into the type of adults their societies would prefer. Its First Golden Age from the later half of the nineteenth century introduced a change in how we viewed children, we began to celebrate the joys of childhood, (Carpenter, 2009) the most notable books entertained and also gave their readers a sense of empowerment and individuality. An example of such a novel is Louisa May Alcotts Little Women, following the narrative tradition of domestic and informative stories for girls such as Sarah Fieldings The Governess (1749), and ostensibly remaining within the conservative restrictions of her era, Alcott presents the contemporary life of four sisters growing up during the American civil war. Her book, written as a request by her publisher to fill a niche in the market, is to all appearances moralistic and patriarchal. The title, as phrased by the childrens father little women'(Alcott,1868, p12)  [1]  exemplifies the Victorian ideal of childhood, where children were seen as miniature adults and taught the puritan morals to be dutiful , obedient , hard-working and God-fearing (Styles,2009), puritan John Bunyans Pilgrims Progress(1678) is used extensively throughout the book . Little Womens third person omniscient narration is also in quite a condescending adult voice effecting to keep the March girls as children who need guidance, even when they mature, Amys lecture did Laurie good, though, of course, he did not own it till long afterward (LW, p384).The narrators frequent interjections with opinions and views guides the readers into making the required conclusions, thereby giving instruction to its girl readership on how to be good wives and mothers. Arguably however as Fetterley (2009) suggests there are statements within the novel that portray an undercurrent of ambivalence, showing Alcotts perhaps true feelings to opportunities available according to gender and class, depicted primarily in her portrayal of Jo an antagonistic of the submissive young girl of the times. Alcott herself was rather an oddity of her time, a spinster, woman activist and the family breadwinner, her motivation to write was often purely financial (Alderson, 2008). Accordingly Jo is often seen as based on Alcott, portrayed as a talented headstrong writer, Beths words You are the gull, Jo, strong and wild, fond of the storm and the wind, flying far out to sea, and happy all alone.'(LW, p361), echo Alcotts own lifestyle, yet could also be seen as advice to her girl readers to embrace their freedom, rather than their expected domesticity. Even the outwardly repressive marmee, and her ideas of marriage the sweetest chapter in the romance of womanhood (LW, p95), also states better be happy old maids than unhappy wives'(LW, p95). She also occasionally shows her ambivalence to her life, Mother isnt sick, only very tired, (LW, p 109), as Hannah their housemaid points out housekeeping aint no joke (LW, p109) and as Alcott is perhaps trying highlight, domesticity is not so wonderful a role to aspire to. Alcott quite understandably given her precincts denied any subversion in her novel yet it is arguable that it contains many instances of her own childhood. In her journal she recalls the daily drudgery and struggle of her mother as she strived to sustain her family while her father as in LW gave little help (Alderson, 2008). Alcott used the then accepted ideal of the quintessential patriarchal Victorian family childhood and her own family memories to give form and content to her book. The March girls are lost in their own wonderful family plays and games, a loving safe playful family unit that nurtured and trained the child, giving much needed stability to a society shaken by war. This was not however Alcotts only motivation, she disliked her own novel as she says I do not enjoy writing moral tales for the you ng, I do it because it pays well (Alcott cited in Alderson, 2008, pxxiii), and her covert messages of rebellion, portray distaste in the directives which shape the young, especially girls, to be compliant adults. Her novel is also motivated and shaped by her social stance on opportunities available to the gender, class and race of her time, Little Women represents childhood as preparing for future roles, yet covertly it also uses its representation with the potential to disturb societal expectations. Over a century later Melvin Burgess again fills a publisher recognised niche in the teenage market also focusing on the adolescent experience, Junk is unrestrained from nineteenth century conservatism in its graphic depiction of the fall of two runaways into prostitution and drugs. Burgess states children or young people should read about their lives not idealistically but as they really are, his characters are not invented but based on his memories of real people, he also does not preach to his readers yet allows them to evolve their own conclusions, (Burgess, 2009). It has been said Junk neither glamorises nor demonises drug addiction (Falconer, 2009, p375), yet Junk conceals a strong sense of morality within its text, its principles obscured so the book appears to be non didactic or opinionated and so appeal to Burgesses idea of the modern teenager. Junks individual character narration lends to a documentary style of neutrality, yet textual guides bring the reader to the required conclusions, as Tar says If you dont mind not reaching twenty theres no argument against heroin, is there?'(Burgess, 1996, p166)  [2]  , Gemma is the spoilt little runaway child How do you think her parents feel? asked Vonny. They were just keeping her in. Its not like Tar is it?'(Junk, p75). The events have a moralistic ending, Gemma recognises they have all been deceiving themselves and condemns them all to their fate; her own is to be a single mother. Such reality based writing lends itself as Tucker(2009) says to the authors belief that childhood is primarily a transitional stage leading to adulthood giving readers the truth is seen as providing them with an important aid to their own eventual better understanding of themselves and others (p190). Junk follows this form well, Burgess gives his child readers autonomy in interpretation, viewing them not as innocents, but inexperienced young people, who need empowerment and guidance to make the right decisions. As we have seen i t is impossible to read Junk and come out defending heroin or the runaway, it could be said that Burgess brings Alcotts moral tale for the young into todays modern world. Yet in challenging the ideology of the innocent child, Junks view of childhood is at the opposite end of the spectrum to that of Little Women, he dispels the nostalgic innocence critics connect with childhood. His explicitness Lily said, Ive been a little prossie for half an hour (Junk, p158) foregrounds how altering conceptions of the childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦can cause both controversy and anxiety among consumers (Squires, 2009, p189), leading to Burgess having to defend his authorial intent over the charge of sensationalism. In response to criticism from Anne Fines, and defending the explicit nature of his books, Burgess says Underneath Annes whole article is that same nasty sneer I remember from when I was small How revolting. Arent you a dirty little boy? the same attitude which was exactly what made me want to write the thing in the first place (Burgess, 2004). It could then be suggested that part of his motivation was indeed to rebel against as he calls it the moral majority (Burg ess, 2009, p317), and stretch the boundaries of appropriate childhood reading matter. Nevertheless saying that drugs and underage sex are what teenagers want to read about could perhaps show that Burgess himself has a distorted idea of todays childhood. An idea he needed to uphold in order to construct his model of the non-reading (conceivably moronic) teenager and defend the sensationalism of his novel, he is perhaps modelling his child to suit the aspirations of his book. Junks content worked as a hook for his teenage audience and also generated him much publicity, conceivably showing another aspect of his motivation, content and form set to shock the critics, produce an outcry and gain him notoriety, all in addition to providing teenagers realistic age related literature. His post modern realism , takes the assumption that children are not innocent, but they still need guidance, also that in order to connect with todays child , this guidance must be hidden allowing the reader per ceived autonomy in their decisions. Burgess also shows a sad irony in the loss of childhood, Gemma wanted a slice of life'(Junk, p161) but could only find this in leaving home, unlike the March girls, in Junk childhood was something to be quickly left behind in order to really live. An authors understanding of childhood as Hunt says can influence the form of their writing , those who see childhood more as an end to itself may prefer literature that is clearly more fantasy based (Tucker, 2009, p190). Phil Pullmans Northern Lights conforms to this ideology using a fantasy world to rewrite the biblical story of creation. Eighteenth century philosopher Rousseau stated that Nature wants children to be children before they are men (Jenks, cited in Hunt, 2009, p23), he believed childhood should be a time of innocence , with children allowed to grow at their own pace not forced into civilisation. Pullmans similar view on childhood freedom is apparent in Northern Lights , Lyra is safe and happy in the freedom of Jordon College, What she liked best was clambering over the college roofs'(Pullman, 2004, p36)  [3]  , as she grows her freedom is stifled by the intervention of her mother, state and church . Poet William Blake also used Rousseaus concept of natural innocence, corrupted by adult intervention, and Pullman uses Blakes contraries and commentary on Miltons Paradise Lost to reverse the morality of the biblical fall to celebrate knowledge (Squires, 2009, p278). He advocates the co-existence of good and evil (body and soul) and free will, which the church refuses to, acknowledge (Bird, 2009, p264). As such Northern Lights, casts an unfavourable light on how religious fundamentalism suppresses knowledge, the Magisterium symbolising the church is shown as repression and death, killing the children whose souls or daemons it removes as it endeavors to preserve innocence all that happens is a little cut, and then everythings peaceful .For Ever!at the age we call pubertyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦daemons bring all sorts of troublesome thoughts and feelings (NL, p283). Pullmans idea of the child is shown in Lyra, her innocence and freedom of mind give her the ability, unlike adults, to easily read the alethiometer, Lyras childlike state'(Squires,2009, p281) when reading makes her feel like a young bird learning to fly'(NL, p152). Which is a suitable metaphor for how she represents Pullmans main concepts of innocence and experience, seeing similar attributes in young people giving them the ability to deal with significant issues free from outside influence; as he says he hopes that young readers will finish à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦having gained the understanding that trusting ones own thoughts and feelings is an essential part of self-discovery and growing up (Travis, 2010). Through his use of the fantasy form Pullman is able to transgress difficult subject areas normally out of bounds within a childrens book, capturing his young readers imaginations while keeping the stark realities of his metaphors at bay. He insists on realism and the real implications of his fantasy stories (Wood, 2009, p274), exhorting his readers to take an activist role in creating the world that they want. So saying If I write fantasy, its only because by using the mechanisms of fantasy I can say something a little more vividly about, for example the business of growing up (Rustin and Rustin , 2003 ,cited in Montgomery, 2009, p255). Within Northern Lights, Pullman shows Lyras growth from innocence, he demonstrates the malleability of childhood with the changing form of the childrens daemons that represent their character , which set at puberty into the type of person they are, for example he was a servant , so she [the daemon] , was a dog (NL, p7). Pullman promotes childhood as an innocent time when children are impressionable and make the important decisions that mould their moral fibre, he follows the traditional pattern of childhood freedom, as seen in the like of Ransomes Swallows and Amazons() as the children create their own idyllic morally responsible world (Squires, 2009, p282). Northern Lights uses the Magisterium to establish anti-religious ideology and shows the infallibility of religion in that Lyras saviours are those marginalised and demonised by society; the non religious gyptians (gypsies), risk all to rescue the children, and the witches save their lives in the final battle. Such radical views may seem better placed in adult literature yet as Reynolds (2009) informs avoiding cultural spotlight is one reason why writers may find themselves drawn to write for children (p109). Pullman may be using childrens literature as a vehicle to publicly air his opinions on religious fundamentalism safely hidden within childrens fantasy, to a less judgmental audience. It could be that Pullman simply finds this medium more liberating; however Northern Lights also manipulates its readers opinions in line with Pullmans, ultimately, as with Junks evils of heroin, the reader cannot fail to see the Magisterium as the evil villain. Pullmans use of fantasy fiction proves he can more succinctly air his own opinions, and he could be seen as using the medium of childrens literature in the same way. As he states there are some themes, some subjects too large for adult fiction; they can only be dealt with adequately in a childrens book (Pullman, cited in Falconer, 2009, p378). His view on how we underestimate the potential of the young in order to maintain our own nostalgic view of childhood has certainly shaped the form and content of his book. Reynolds (2009) informs that childhood is a time to negotiate and find a place in society, yet more so with Northern Lights it is also about developing individual potential suited to a future in which societies could be different in some significant ways'(p100). It could perhaps then also be said that Alcott, Burgess and Pullmans motivation to write for children is also their aspiration to create a better society, So Lyra and her daemon turned away from the world they were born in, and looked towards the sun, and walked into the sky (NL, 397). As authors draw on their ideals to write for their audience, it is the book publishers who set the market trends and decide what children would like to read and subsequently influence what an author writes, an area touched upon with LW and Junk. Twenty first century novels show a commodification of childrens literature (Squires, 2009), in which we also see the decline of the individual author with publishers such as Working Partners, where a storyline is created by a conglomerate of author /editors then given to a writer to create the book (EA300, DVD2). Thus providing a quick turnaround and commercial sense but little scope for individual ingenuity and signifying that as Hunt (2009b) says, the cart of marketing, is driving the horse of creativity (p81). A further consideration on external influence is the competition from digital media, which as Burgess (2009) says also has a great impact on what children are exposed to, compounding the difficulty in producing literature that appeal s to the modern child ,a fact he uses to support his hard hitting realism. Childrens literature has been seen to catalogue social, economical and political changes, embolic of societys view of childhood (Hunt, 2009b, p71), a view set as the gate keeping adult world considers what children need to read, putting additional pressure for authors to produce the right book. In conclusion to Hunts statement, it would seem that in order to write a childrens book, the author must indeed have an idea of the child they are writing for, and this determines the form and content of their novel. Yet as we have seen they are also motivated by their own additional agendas, and this can lead to their constructed child being modified for their own purposes and also manipulated by the forces of modern media and marketing. This contributes to the complexity and often popularity of a novel that can then be read on many levels, Pullman could be seen as writing a religious allegory, propaganda or an adolescence adventure story. Authors still have their own view of what childhood should be, and incorporate this into how they believe it is or wish it to be seen. Our realistic view of the modern child is radically different from earlier popular books, such as Little Women, or Swallows and Amazons and as contemporary writers make efforts to loose the nostalgic view of childh ood innocence, there is also the concern that we are now ending childhood too soon, and as Jacqueline Wilson says forcing children to conform to societys teenage image (EA300, DVD2). Yet from Little Womens childish carefree plays to Junks depiction that children are now living real life adventures, we find that, as Lyra does, there is still always hope in childrens books. Childrens literature as Hunt (2009a) says shows what society thinks of childhood, and also what the author and we as adults need to believe it represents.

The Exchange Student :: Personal Narrative Writing

The Exchange Student I remember when Camy came to live with our family for a year. It seemed my mother had been pestering me for months about the idea of hosting an AFS student. Long before she even crossed the Atlantic from Italy on an airplane, Camy entered the daily conversations and thoughts of my mother. To be precise, I believe it was April of my junior year in high school. "Do we have to talk about this now?" I kept asking, wanting to push the idea into some sort of vacuum that sucked it to the back of my mind. "You’ll love her," my mom said. "We’ve heard such good things about her from the Mudge family. They hosted her cousin Checo." "I hate how you always try to make me do things," I said, slightly raising the level of my voice. "Eric, now you know I’ve never made you do anything you didn’t want to do." I was ready for her though. "Oh yeah, what about the horseback riding lessons in first grade that I had to take?" I said, recalling the image of the seven-year-old perched on top of a brown pony with the reigns in hand, as the over-sized riding helmet slid from his forehead down over his eyes. I stopped those lessons as soon as my instructor told me the next step was learning the gallop. "And what about the swimming lessons with that awful lady who made me put my face in the water and count to ten." This time I saw my instructor, sitting by the edge of the pool, her navy swimsuit fit snugly to her body, spreading out the excess flab of her pale thighs. I remember looking at her the instant before I went under, hoping she would give me a last second reprieve from my face plunging exercise. Instead, all I saw was her wide grin, and all I heard was the lapping of the pool water against its sides. "Oh Eric," my mom said. "You’re really impossible some times." "Thanks mom, thanks," I said. And with that, I had managed to put the decision on hold one more time. That is, until my father brought it up at the dinner table a month later. I’m sure we were having my dad’s legendary spaghetti and sauce the night they picked Camy. I often wonder if my father had truly planned pasta night because he wanted to discuss an Italian girl coming to live with us for a year.

Operation management Essay

a) Introduction The company that our group chose to study is City of Dreams Macau (COD), which is located in Macau Cotai coherent highway. COD is a diversified entertainment resort, which contains a rich set of entertainment, grand hotel accommodation, international cuisine, internationally renowned brands as well as casino. Luckily, we found a manager in entertainment and progress department of this company to help us conduct an interview. The information of this manager are as follows: Manager name: Huà ¡ dà ¬ Telephone number: 66884314 Position: Theatre Director Main responsibilities: All ticketing and frontline day-to-day operation of Atrium, Dancing Water, Hard Rock pool party, The Junyue MMA boxing matches, CUBIC ticketing and TABOO. COD’s corporate goal, as stated by Lawrence Ho, is to become the tourist resort that makes Asian and even the global tourists to have multi-day stay, and to consolidate Macau as Asia’s leading leisure and tourism center. COD locate in one of the most competitive area in Taipa, Macau. There are several entertainment resort hotels, such as Venetian, Sands Cotai Central, Galaxy Macau these competitors. COD has to keep its competitiveness to fight with them. So COD provides with some entertainments (like the house of Dancing Water, Dragon treasure, etc.) to attract the customers to come to COD to achieve corporate goal. In order to improve staff quality, entertainment and progress department also cooperate with HR department to offer training program to staff. Staffs can go for training as long as they are available. In corporate positioning, COD believes that it takes the advantage of providing something different than other competitors by implementing the differentiation strategy, for example, offering Dancing Water, Atrium to customers. COD also has high requirement on the  entertainment activities they offered. In the past, COD once thought of opening a cinema. However, COD thinks cinema is not very high-end and it will low the elegance of COD, so COD rejects the consideration at last. b) Current Operations The current operation is to provide above entertainments to customers and make sure that the entertainment activities go smoothly. The manager has to measure ticketing and frontline workings keep running. In the ticketing, the manager said COD provide 60~70%‘s ticket for internet sell, and the rest of the ticket will provide to the agent like travel agencies, these agencies will sell the tickets to the group customers. The manager said COD won’t overbook the ticket to get the maximum profit, because their shows are unique, and they care more about the quality rather than the quantity. They have to take-care some special needs person, providing convenience to them. COD tries to get a balance between making profit and remaining service quality. Show cancellation & Compensation COD sometimes face problems of show cancellation of Dancing Water and receive complaints from customers. Also, there may have some mistakes on the daily operation, so the customers will not satisfy the services and have complaint with COD. For the compensation part, COD build a compensation standard to deal with customer complains. The general approach is to take the customer complaint at first place, for example, ticket refund. However, if the compensation exceeds the company’s standard, then COD will take company’s benefit at the first place (e.g. some customers will ask for airplane tickets refund and it will be transferred to higher level manager to determine the compensation level). Also, COD’s management group will have meeting every week to discuss complaint affairs and try to analyze whether it is due to guests vexatious or they have some shortcomings. If they think that they are not doing well, then they will think of ways and make improvement. Decentralization Instead of centralization, COD tends to have decentralization because they believe that this is more effective. COD depend on staffs to help monitor  the operations of entertainment activities, so manager do not need to deliberately spend efforts on ensuring the operation of activity is smooth and they can focus on the overall operations. Staffs can directly go to their supervisor when they encounter problems. Also, manager will assign some employees who are in higher position to help monitor the lower level employees’ performance, as well as daily operation of activity. Supervisors directly ask the higher level staffs about the problems on work(e.g. do small circle of people exist and is there any employee they find that is difficult to get along with others ) in order to get a respectively good understanding about what’s going on of daily operation. Reward system There is no reward system implementing now for the staff performance. According to the interview, there was a reward system before, employee who performs well will get free coupons of restaurants in COD, concert tickets, shopping tickets, or dancing water tickets, etc. as a bonus. However, it was cancelled due to the inefficiency. In the past, company let employees to vote for the best employee, and it causes problem that employees will vote to their friends, instead of having an evaluation about who is the best employee. COD think that it cannot reflect the truth and is meaningless. Therefore, COD now cancel the reward system and use the money to hold department activities, e.g. BBQ or order take-away for all employees in the department. Training COD use decentralization to let employees help maintain the current operations. Employees have to handle problems met by them. Therefore, training is an important way to ensure staffs’ quality and performance. The manager said the COD do very well in staff training, COD provides many training courses to the staffs to improve their work quality and skills. In usual time, they will post a form that includes all the training courses available along with corresponding time schedule, staffs can decide which training course to participate in accordance with their working time. COD will try to accommodate staffs’ working time to provide training courses. If it is not possible to arrange the suitable time for the staffs, regular work should be taken in the first place. Staffs can join the training course  after finishing the work. In most of the time, COD won’t enforce the staffs to participate training courses, staffs participate these training course voluntary. But there are some training courses that are compulsory to every staff according to COD’s requirement. For example, in the future, COD will open a new show in CUBIC, and COD will arrange each employee to watch the â€Å"CUBIC† show at least once. So the staffs will know about the show and what is the process of the show. c) Opportunity of improvement Decentralization Although it is a good idea to let all employees help monitor the daily operations of activities, so manager can focus more on the overall operations, there also some drawbacks caused by decentralization. According to the current operations, employees report to manager directly if they find problems on daily operations. It raises possible problems like: (1) The quality of work may be poor because there is no clear responsibility assigned to specific employee. The monitoring work conducted by employees may not be efficient. If there are problems that employees failed to recognize, manager may not know, because employees’ reporting is the only way for manager to get detail daily operating information from employees, it affects the operation activity in the short run if the problem is not negligible. (2) No regular meeting is required for manager and employees to exchange information. Regular meeting is an important way for reporting, if there is no such a meeting, employees are not encouraged to raise problems they found. They may first try to solve the problem when they find it, instead of reporting to their manager. Therefore, some problems may be hided and it causes bigger problems if the problem is crucial to the organization. Moreover, employees may not have a very good understanding of the company’s strategy and may make inappropriate decisions without fully understanding the big picture. Reward system No reward system is implemented in current operations due to the former unsuccessful reward system. Employees’ individual performance is not linked with reward. Employees may be less motivated. Show cancellation In the interview, we asked the COD manager â€Å"What the most difficult problem that you had faced.† The COD manager answered us is the show cancellation, which is a big problem for an entertainment resort. We can find some news about COD canceled the show. According to the news, COD suddenly cancel three shows of the â€Å"house of Dancing Water†. There are a lot of audiences already booked the tickets in a few days ago, they received message from COD about the show cancel after they arrived Macau. This thing disturbs their plan. COD claim they need to cancel the shows because of the technical problems, and they will return the ticket fees, but they won’t compensate the other loss, so audiences feel angry and disappointed with COD. This thing will hurt the image and reputation of COD, it can decrease customers that want to come to COD to watch the show, and decrease the profit. d) Solution Decentralization 1) Manager should provide training to staffs in order to strengthen their awareness of responsibility. Manager may also provide some guideline to staffs about what they should do if they encounter problems. Moreover, instead of fully depending on staff reporting, manager may take time to supervise daily operation if needed. 2) Hold regular meetings for information exchange. With regular meetings, employees will have formal way to express their opinions or problems they found, so problems can be improved or solved in a more efficient way. Reward system According to the interview, the former reward system is based on the vote of employees among each other, and this would easily cause about inequity. We recommend that COD may develop a reward system for a trial using different voting method. Instead of basing on the vote among employees, the department should create a criterion chart for all the employees to be monitored by the supervisor. Once the employee performs great in some area, she/he will get a point in that part. The final score is the cumulative score of every part. At the end of one period, the entire criterion chart should present the  degree of performance of the employees, which could be the grounds to decide which employee to get the rewards. See whether employees’ performance have improved under implementing the new reward system by making evaluation from period to period. If the result is good, then company should consider implementing a reward system in order to encourage employees for better performance in the long-run. This kind of solution will eliminate some bias of the evaluation. Not basing on the evaluation among employees, monitored by supervisor will be more just to use the reward system. Show cancellation We think out some suggestions for the COD to solve this problem. (1) Develop a contingency plans. The staffs of COD must make advance notice about the show cancellation message to the customers, and then arrange the customers to return the tickets, getting back the fees. This can mitigate the dissatisfaction of customers and reduce other unnecessary loss. However, sometimes we cannot expect accidents, which are some aspects we cannot control, and it is hard to tell the customers early. (2) Second, open the other facilities of the hotel. Customers come to COD to enjoy the service and entertainment, and if I was one of them, I don’t want just go back home because of the cancellation of the shows I want to watch. So COD can open some facilities to these customers to ensure they still have an awesome experience in COD. For instance, Venetian has the In the other hand, COD can give these customers equivalent coupons, and they can spend some time in COD, and use these coupons to buy anything in the hotel. Of course, this method needs the cooperation among many involved departments. (3) And the last is to prepare a backup show. If a show has to be cancelled, customers can choose to watch the backup show. But not every customer wants to watch another show because they come for shows that they want to watch, and the cost of backup show is not cheap. Therefore, customers can also ask for refund and buy the ticket next time with a discount. e) Implementation After communicating the suggestions we made for the manager, he said that implementing our solution to the company right now was not practical. Their  decisions need to be made based on some professional analysis. However, he listened to our solution and gave his own comments about the effect of those solutions: For the decentralization part, he thinks holding regular meetings is one of the possible way for staffs to raise problems they found, but managers always need to manage so many things and may not have enough time to do that. For the reward system part, we suggested that to build a new reward system using different voting method. However, according to the manager, biases also exist if using this method. However, there will be two potential problems: 1 There is a grey area between just and unjust, and once the supervisor decides the reward, it’s complicated to say the manager will be definitely just to everyone. The bias might exist still; 2 The supervisor has many things to deal with; there might be some overlook in employees’ performance, which will be hard to monitor all the aspects. For the show cancellation part, sometimes advance announcement is not possible because of the suddenly occurred error. In other way, COD should consider the cost problem if they want to satisfy customers by providing them equivalent coupons. The cost problem also exists in the back-up show suggestion. Conclusion After the interview, we can get some information about the operations of the entertainment fields in the COD. In the daily operations, it depends on the staffs to maintain the operations and solve the problems. COD also provides some training courses for staffs to participate, but these training courses are optional, which means not every staff has enough skills to handle the difficult level operation problems. One of the COD’s selling points is its wonderful shows, these shows attract a lot of people to come. But sometimes, because of some reasons, COD have to cancel the show, which means they need some good back up plans to appease the angry of customers, and try to decrease the loss. COD is a big entertainment resort hotel in Macau. From the interview, we can find out that COD actually do a good job in its operation.

Free Essays on Hypochondriasis

Hypochondriasis, a somatoform disorder, takes tremendous tolls on patients, doctors, and medical facilities every year. Hypochondriasis is the persistent belief that one is or is likely to become ill, often involving symptoms when illness is neither present nor likely, and persisting despite reassurance and medical evidence to the contrary. The diagnosis of hypochondriasis is simple and is not debated among doctors. The cause and treatment of hypochondriasis is where doctor’s ideas and processes differ. The possible causes and the different approaches on treatment of hypochondriasis are compared. Hypochondriasis not only affects the victims, but it affects doctors and medical facilities as well. Researchers estimate that a low of 3% to a high of 14% of all medical patients have Hypochondriasis.(Moglia p888) They tend to burden their physicians with frequent visits that take up excessive amounts of time. According to one estimate, Hypochondriasis racks up some twenty billion dollars a year in wasted medical resources in the United States.(Lemonick, 2003) With hypochondriasis, the problem is the patient’s excessive worry and mental preoccupation with having or developing a disease, not the disease about which the patient is so worried. The diagnosis of Hypochondriasis is made when the patient’s dread about the disease or diseases impairs normal activity and persists despite appropriate medical reassurances and evidence to the contrary. Neuropsychiatrist Dr. Brian Fallon believes that it is easy to identify a hypochondriac as long as the doctor is aware of the dis order and â€Å"has the right antenna out.†(Lemonick, 2003) The treatment of hypochondria can vary from doctor to doctor, but the key is to disrupt the cycle. Fallon realized a similar comparison in obsessive compulsive disorder and hypochondriasis and decided to test Prozac and similar drugs used for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder on hypochondriac patien... Free Essays on Hypochondriasis Free Essays on Hypochondriasis Hypochondriasis, a somatoform disorder, takes tremendous tolls on patients, doctors, and medical facilities every year. Hypochondriasis is the persistent belief that one is or is likely to become ill, often involving symptoms when illness is neither present nor likely, and persisting despite reassurance and medical evidence to the contrary. The diagnosis of hypochondriasis is simple and is not debated among doctors. The cause and treatment of hypochondriasis is where doctor’s ideas and processes differ. The possible causes and the different approaches on treatment of hypochondriasis are compared. Hypochondriasis not only affects the victims, but it affects doctors and medical facilities as well. Researchers estimate that a low of 3% to a high of 14% of all medical patients have Hypochondriasis.(Moglia p888) They tend to burden their physicians with frequent visits that take up excessive amounts of time. According to one estimate, Hypochondriasis racks up some twenty billion dollars a year in wasted medical resources in the United States.(Lemonick, 2003) With hypochondriasis, the problem is the patient’s excessive worry and mental preoccupation with having or developing a disease, not the disease about which the patient is so worried. The diagnosis of Hypochondriasis is made when the patient’s dread about the disease or diseases impairs normal activity and persists despite appropriate medical reassurances and evidence to the contrary. Neuropsychiatrist Dr. Brian Fallon believes that it is easy to identify a hypochondriac as long as the doctor is aware of the dis order and â€Å"has the right antenna out.†(Lemonick, 2003) The treatment of hypochondria can vary from doctor to doctor, but the key is to disrupt the cycle. Fallon realized a similar comparison in obsessive compulsive disorder and hypochondriasis and decided to test Prozac and similar drugs used for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder on hypochondriac patien...

Leadership and Management Essays - Leadership, Social Psychology

Leadership and Management Essays - Leadership, Social Psychology Anthony P. Moreno LDR/300 Leadership and Management January 25th 2016 Abstract I will be discussing the differences between leadership and management with definitions, personal examples and examples from the text. Leadership is something that we all need in any environment or situation that we are in. Management is mainly found in organizations and in the work environment. Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.(Northouse, 2013) Management is about seeking order, planning, staffing, stability, organizing, and controlling in organizations to help them work productively and systematically. In the military there are different jobs that each sailor contributes just like any other job. Some jobs or duties are more important than others. At my job we have some leaders that are not good at managing and we have some management that are not very good leaders. For example, if we have a mission to complete and they managed what our mission is, organized it, set up our briefing beforehand for it and gave us a timetable of when we should land and be back, but they usually dont go on the missions with us. This is when a leadership stance comes in and takes over. Just because a certain mission is managed step by step something can always go wrong with any little thing like low fuel, broken part on the plane, not unloading cargo fast enough and we may miss our time table because of these mishaps. Leadership comes into play because someone steps up and decides what is best for our safety and determines how we will be able to continue with the mission or it has to be put on hold until we fix what needs to be fixed. Some of the different leadership roles are motivation; this role helps the entire team function with a positive mindset because they have someone who wants them to succeed behind them. Leadership helps establish direction for the team by setting strategies and being able to make clear of the big picture. Some management roles are to organize and provide structure like rules and procedures. Management produces order and consistency by also controlling and using problem solving. These roles are different between leadership and management because a management role is to seek order and a leadership role is to pursue constructive change. According to Northouse (2013), Defining leadership as a process means that it is not a trait or characteristic that resides in the leader, but rather a transactional even that occurs between the leader and the followers. The leader isnt born a leader, even though that is a common saying. A leader develops a certain skills when in groups and takes the role by helping teach people and encouraging people to succeed to their common goal. Leadership involves influence. Without influence, leadership does not exist. (Northouse 2013) The trait perspective suggests that certain individuals have special innate or inborn characteristics or qualities that make them leaders, and that it is these qualities that differentiate them from non leaders. (Northouse 2013) References Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership: Theory and practice.